Rustam Huo, Süleymane Stafila, Tsere Haddad, Ahmed Ghalyani Ndoye and Ahmad Ghassan, “Practical Analysis of the Global Impact of Solar Irradiance on Drought and Water Availability,” Science Communications, July 20, 2013.

[6]. This includes all the global and non-global changes in global wind speed, wind direction, and wind amount reported in the IPCC AR4.

[7]. See, for example, Stefan Rahmstorf, “Wind is the Major Cause of World Wildfires in 2013,” Climate News Network, October 14, 2013.

[8]. The IPCC explains the difference well in its 5th Assessment Report, http://wipf.ch/2a0qd0b. The IPCC also states that these “are likely changes with a period of some time of lag.”

[9]. On-ground estimates of global warming from tree ring research come from the U.S. National Snow & Ice Data Center. “Global Temperature Trends in Forests,” National Snow and Ice Data Center, October 2014. National Geographic, “The Real Snow of the Northeast, Part 1”, September 8, 2014.

[10]. The second-largest contributor to heat is the warming of the oceans—primarily the ocean-atmosphere system—with more than double the amount of warming reported from tree-ring research. The largest contributor to ocean-atmosphere heat is carbon dioxide, as carbon dioxide (CO2) is the main driver of global warming.

As of March 2011, the average net global warming for that year was 0.9° C (1.8 ° F; 1.1 ° F) relative to pre-industrial temperatures. It’s important to note that warming over the past century is the same as temperature change during the 1800s since the 1800s did not begin until the year 1870, and the most recent century is the only one in which temperatures have increased over all of the past 650,000 years, with most of the heat going into the oceans.

[11]. “Global Trends for Surface Air Temperatures since 1750, with the Barents and Mediterraneans added together,” Global Atmospheric Research Unit, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of London, March 2012.